Hip fracture
Also called: Fractured neck of femur
This can be a medical emergency. Call emergency services if an older person falls and cannot stand or has hip pain.
A break in the top of the thigh bone, usually from a fall in an older person with osteoporosis. It needs surgery within 36 hours.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Fall onto the side in a person with fragile bones
Risk factors
- Osteoporosis
- Age over 75
- Falls risk: poor balance, dementia, sedatives, poor vision
Symptoms
- Pain in the hip or groin
- Unable to walk or bear weight
- Shortened, outward-turned leg
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- X-ray; MRI if X-ray is normal but suspicion is high
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Pain relief (nerve block)
- Orthogeriatric care
- Osteoporosis treatment afterwards
Operations and procedures
- Surgery within 36 hours: internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty or total hip replacement
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Early mobilisation and rehabilitation
- Home falls assessment
Possible complications
- Loss of independence
- Pneumonia and blood clots
- Delirium
- About 25% one-year mortality
Prevention
- Osteoporosis treatment and falls prevention
Outlook
Many regain mobility with rehabilitation, but outcomes are poorer in frail patients.
When to see a doctor
Call emergency services if an older person falls and cannot stand or has hip pain.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.