Bones, joints & musclesInjuryICD-10 S83.5
Anterior cruciate ligament tear
Also called: ACL injury
A tear of a key stabilising ligament inside the knee, usually from twisting or landing awkwardly in sport. The knee may give way.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Sudden pivoting, deceleration or landing injury
Risk factors
- Football, basketball, skiing
- Female athletes
- Poor landing mechanics
Symptoms
- Pop felt at injury
- Rapid swelling
- Knee giving way
- Pain and instability
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Lachman and pivot-shift tests
- MRI
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Pain relief and ice
Operations and procedures
- ACL reconstruction with a tendon graft for active people or unstable knees
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Structured physiotherapy rehabilitation (6–12 months for sport)
Possible complications
- Meniscus tears
- Early osteoarthritis
Prevention
- Neuromuscular training programmes
Outlook
Most return to activity after rehabilitation with or without surgery.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor after a twisting knee injury with swelling or giving way.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.