Urinary incontinence
Also called: Stress incontinence, Overactive bladder, Urge incontinence
Involuntary leakage of urine — with coughing or exercise (stress), with a sudden strong urge (urge), or both. It is common and very treatable.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Weak pelvic floor (childbirth, menopause)
- Overactive bladder muscle
- Enlarged prostate
- Neurological disease
Risk factors
- Pregnancy and vaginal birth
- Menopause
- Obesity
- Chronic cough
- Constipation
- Age
Symptoms
- Leakage with coughing, sneezing or exercise
- Sudden urgent need to urinate
- Frequent urination and waking at night
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Bladder diary
- Urine test
- Examination; urodynamics before surgery
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Antimuscarinics or mirabegron for overactive bladder
- Vaginal oestrogen
- Botulinum toxin injections into the bladder
Operations and procedures
- Mid-urethral sling or colposuspension for stress incontinence
- Sacral nerve stimulation
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Pelvic floor muscle training for at least 3 months
- Bladder retraining
- Reduce caffeine, lose weight
Possible complications
- Skin problems
- Social isolation
Prevention
- Pelvic floor exercises in and after pregnancy
Outlook
Most people improve significantly with treatment.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for any bothersome leakage — it is common and treatable.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.