Kidneys & urinary tractInfectionICD-10 N10
Kidney infection (pyelonephritis)
Infection of the kidney, usually spreading up from the bladder. It causes fever, back pain and vomiting and needs prompt antibiotics.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Ascending bacterial infection (E. coli)
Risk factors
- Female sex
- Pregnancy
- Kidney stones or urinary obstruction
- Diabetes
- Catheters
Symptoms
- Fever and rigors
- Pain in the side or back (loin)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Urinary symptoms
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Urine culture and blood tests
- Blood cultures
- Ultrasound or CT if not improving
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Antibiotics for 7–14 days (oral or intravenous)
Operations and procedures
- Drainage of an obstructed infected kidney (emergency)
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Fluids and rest
Possible complications
- Sepsis
- Kidney abscess
- Kidney scarring
Prevention
- Prompt treatment of bladder infections
Outlook
Most recover fully with treatment.
When to see a doctor
Seek urgent care for fever with back pain and vomiting.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.