Measles
A highly contagious viral illness with fever, cough and a spreading rash. It can cause pneumonia, brain inflammation and death, and is prevented by vaccination.
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Causes
- Measles virus (airborne)
Risk factors
- Being unvaccinated
- Malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency
- Infants, pregnancy, weakened immunity
Symptoms
- High fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes
- White spots inside the cheeks (Koplik spots)
- Red-brown rash spreading from the face downward
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Clinical; PCR or IgM antibody testing
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Supportive care
- Vitamin A supplements
- Antibiotics for secondary infections
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Isolate until 4 days after rash onset
Possible complications
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis
- Blindness
- SSPE years later
- Immune amnesia
Prevention
- Two doses of MMR vaccine
Outlook
Most recover, but complications are common in young children.
When to see a doctor
Phone ahead before visiting a clinic; seek urgent care for breathing difficulty, seizures or drowsiness.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.