Bones, joints & musclesInflammatory/fibroticICD-10 M75.0
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)
The shoulder joint capsule becomes inflamed and then tight, causing pain and severe stiffness that resolves slowly over one to three years.
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Causes
- Inflammation and fibrosis of the capsule, often without clear cause
Risk factors
- Age 40–60
- Diabetes
- Thyroid disease
- Shoulder immobility after injury or surgery
Symptoms
- Shoulder pain, often at night
- Progressive loss of movement, especially outward rotation
- Stiffness
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Clinical examination; X-ray to exclude arthritis
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Pain relief
- Steroid injection into the joint
Operations and procedures
- Hydrodilatation
- Manipulation under anaesthesia or arthroscopic release
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Gentle stretching exercises within pain limits
- Physiotherapy
Possible complications
- Prolonged stiffness
Prevention
- Keep the shoulder moving after injury
Outlook
Usually resolves in 1–3 years.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for shoulder pain with progressive stiffness.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
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Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.