Eyes, ears, nose & throatInfectionICD-10 H66
Middle ear infection (otitis media)
Also called: Ear infection, Otitis media
Infection behind the eardrum, very common in young children after a cold, causing ear pain and fever.
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Causes
- Viruses and bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae) after an upper respiratory infection
Risk factors
- Age 6 months to 3 years
- Daycare
- Second-hand smoke
- Bottle-feeding lying down
Symptoms
- Ear pain, tugging at the ear
- Fever
- Irritability
- Reduced hearing
- Discharge if the eardrum perforates
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Otoscopy (bulging red eardrum)
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Paracetamol or ibuprofen
- Antibiotics (amoxicillin) for severe cases, under-2s with both ears affected, or discharge
Operations and procedures
- Grommets for recurrent infections or glue ear
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Pain relief and fluids; most resolve in 3 days
Possible complications
- Perforated eardrum
- Glue ear and hearing loss
- Mastoiditis (rare)
Prevention
- Pneumococcal vaccine, avoid smoke exposure, breastfeeding
Outlook
Usually resolves within a few days.
When to see a doctor
Seek urgent care for swelling behind the ear, stiff neck or a very unwell child.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.