Autism spectrum disorder
Also called: Autism, ASD
A lifelong neurodevelopmental difference affecting social communication and interaction, with restricted interests, repetitive behaviours and sensory differences. It is a spectrum: needs range from minimal to substantial support.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Mainly genetic; not caused by vaccines or parenting
Risk factors
- Family history
- Older parental age
- Preterm birth
- Some genetic syndromes
Symptoms
- Differences in eye contact, gestures and conversation
- Preference for routine
- Intense focused interests
- Sensory sensitivity
- Speech delay in some children
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Developmental assessment by a specialist team (ADOS, ADI-R)
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Treatment of co-occurring conditions (ADHD, anxiety, epilepsy, sleep problems)
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Speech and language therapy
- Educational support and parent training
- Occupational therapy for sensory needs
- Acceptance and accommodations
Possible complications
- Anxiety and depression
- Social isolation
Prevention
- Not applicable — early identification enables support
Outlook
Autistic people have diverse outcomes; early support improves quality of life.
When to see a doctor
Seek assessment for developmental or communication concerns.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.