Liver, gallbladder & pancreasViral infectionICD-10 B18.2
Hepatitis C
Also called: HCV
A blood-borne viral infection of the liver that becomes chronic in most people and silently causes scarring over decades. Short courses of modern antivirals cure over 95%.
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Causes
- Hepatitis C virus
Risk factors
- Injecting drug use
- Transfusions before screening began
- Unsafe medical procedures
- Tattoos with unsterile equipment
- Mother-to-child transmission
Symptoms
- Usually none for years
- Fatigue
- Signs of cirrhosis later
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Hepatitis C antibody, then HCV RNA
- Fibrosis assessment
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Direct-acting antivirals for 8–12 weeks (sofosbuvir–velpatasvir, glecaprevir–pibrentasvir) — curative
Operations and procedures
- Transplantation for decompensated cirrhosis
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Avoid alcohol
- Do not share needles, razors or toothbrushes
Possible complications
- Cirrhosis
- Liver cancer
- Kidney disease and cryoglobulinaemia
Prevention
- Harm reduction (needle exchange)
- Screened blood supply; no vaccine exists
Outlook
Curable in over 95% of people.
When to see a doctor
Get tested once as an adult (and regularly if at risk).
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
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Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.