Blood, immune & lymphGeneticICD-10 D66
Haemophilia
Also called: Hemophilia
An inherited bleeding disorder caused by lack of clotting factor VIII (A) or IX (B), mostly in males, leading to prolonged bleeding and joint bleeds.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- X-linked mutations in F8 or F9
Risk factors
- Male sex, carrier mother
Symptoms
- Prolonged bleeding after injury or surgery
- Spontaneous joint and muscle bleeds
- Easy bruising
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Clotting tests (prolonged APTT)
- Factor assays
- Genetic testing
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Factor replacement (prophylactic)
- Emicizumab
- Gene therapy (etranacogene, valoctocogene)
- Tranexamic acid
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Avoid NSAIDs
- Physiotherapy for joints
Possible complications
- Haemophilic arthropathy
- Intracranial bleeding
- Inhibitor antibodies
Prevention
- Genetic counselling
Outlook
Near-normal life expectancy with modern care.
When to see a doctor
Seek urgent care for head injury or bleeding that will not stop.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.