Cholera
This can be a medical emergency. Seek urgent care for profuse watery diarrhoea and signs of dehydration.
An intestinal infection causing profuse watery diarrhoea that can kill through dehydration within hours if untreated. Oral rehydration saves most lives.
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Causes
- Vibrio cholerae toxin in contaminated water or food
Risk factors
- Unsafe water, poor sanitation
- Humanitarian crises
Symptoms
- Sudden profuse 'rice-water' diarrhoea
- Vomiting
- Rapid dehydration: thirst, sunken eyes, cramps, low blood pressure
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Stool culture or rapid test
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Oral rehydration solution
- IV fluids for severe dehydration
- Antibiotics (doxycycline, azithromycin) shorten illness
- Zinc for children
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Oral rehydration solution immediately
Possible complications
- Shock and death from dehydration
Prevention
- Safe water and sanitation
- Oral cholera vaccine
Outlook
Mortality below 1% with rehydration.
When to see a doctor
Seek urgent care for profuse watery diarrhoea and signs of dehydration.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.