Brain tumours (glioma)
Also called: Glioblastoma, Glioma, Meningioma
Abnormal growths within the skull. Gliomas arise from the brain's supporting cells; glioblastoma is the most aggressive. Meningiomas, from the brain coverings, are usually benign.
Condition-specific references are below. Individual claims and this page have not been clinically reviewed. Read about this content.
Causes
- Mostly unknown
- Ionising radiation
- Rare inherited syndromes
Risk factors
- Previous head radiotherapy
- Family cancer syndromes
Symptoms
- New persistent headache, worse in the morning or when lying down
- Seizures
- Progressive weakness, speech or vision problems
- Personality change or confusion
- Nausea and vomiting
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- MRI with contrast
- Biopsy or resection with molecular testing (IDH, MGMT)
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Radiotherapy with temozolomide chemotherapy (glioblastoma)
- Steroids (dexamethasone) for swelling
- Antiseizure medicines
- Vorasidenib for IDH-mutant low-grade gliomas
Operations and procedures
- Maximal safe surgical resection, sometimes awake surgery
- Stereotactic radiosurgery for small tumours and metastases
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Neuro-rehabilitation and palliative support
Possible complications
- Raised intracranial pressure
- Seizures
- Neurological disability
Prevention
- None known
Outlook
Meningiomas usually have an excellent outlook; glioblastoma median survival is about 15 months.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for a new persistent headache with neurological symptoms or a first seizure.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.