Brain & nervesNerve inflammationICD-10 G51.0
Bell's palsy
Also called: Facial nerve palsy
Sudden weakness of the muscles on one side of the face caused by inflammation of the facial nerve, probably viral. Most people recover fully.
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Causes
- Inflammation of the facial nerve, likely triggered by herpes simplex virus
Risk factors
- Pregnancy
- Diabetes
- Upper respiratory infections
Symptoms
- One-sided facial droop developing over hours
- Unable to close the eye or smile evenly
- Drooling
- Altered taste
- Sensitivity to sound
Diagnosis — tests and examinations
- Clinical — the forehead is also weak (unlike stroke, which spares the forehead)
- Check ears for shingles (Ramsay Hunt syndrome)
Treatment
Medicines and medical treatment
- Prednisolone within 72 hours
- Eye protection: lubricating drops, taping the eye at night
Self-care, home remedies and lifestyle
- Protect the eye from dryness
- Facial exercises
Possible complications
- Corneal damage
- Incomplete recovery or synkinesis
Prevention
- None known
Outlook
About 85% recover fully within 3 months.
When to see a doctor
Seek urgent care for any facial weakness to exclude stroke.
Sources and further reading
These sources cover this condition. They have not been checked against every statement on this page.
Related conditions
Educational overview, not medical advice. Treatment varies by person and location. Consult a qualified health professional for diagnosis or care. Read our content and model notes and privacy information.